Nyenyezi m'ma cell cell! Kafukufuku wachipatala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku wa maselo amtundu wa mesenchymal akuwonjezeka mosalekeza, ndipo mpaka pano, zolemba zoposa 47000 zokhudzana ndi maselo a mesenchymal stem zatulutsidwa pa Pubmed.

Maselo a umbilical cord mesenchymal stem akhala akuwoneka ngati chuma cha asayansi ndipo nthawi zonse akuwonetsa kuthekera kwawo kwa chithandizo cha matenda komanso kuletsa kukalamba.

Lero, mkonzi akufotokozerani zomwe maselo amtundu wa umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell ali, ndikuwonetsa kukongola kwa umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell m'chipatala poyambitsa kafukufuku wachipatala wa ma cell a umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell.

Kodi umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell ndi chiyani?

Maselo a umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC MSCs) amachokera ku umbilical cord wa ana obadwa kumene ndipo ndi otetezeka komanso oyambira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma cell achikulire a mesenchymal stem. Iwo ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezereka, zosiyana, ndi mphamvu zoyendetsera chitetezo cha mthupi; Kuphatikiza apo, poyerekeza ndi magwero ena a maselo amtundu wa mesenchymal, maselo a umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell amatengedwa kuchokera ku minofu yamtundu wa umbilical popanda kuvulaza thupi la munthu. Chifukwa chake, ma umbilical cord MSCs ndi oyenera ku kafukufuku wazachipatala ndikugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo ndi chisankho chomwe chimakondedwa pama cell therapy ndi mankhwala obwezeretsanso.

Maselo a umbilical cord mesenchymal stem awonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kosiyanitsa mu vitro, kuphatikiza chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, ma cell a chigoba, cardiomyocytes, maselo a chiwindi, komanso kupanga maselo a glucagon, maselo otulutsa somatostatin, maselo a glial (oligodendrocytes), ndi dopaminergic neurons. Choncho, umbilical chingwe mesenchymal tsinde maselo ndi oyenera ntchito zachipatala ndi kafukufuku sayansi.

Maselo a mesenchymal stem akhala malo ofufuza

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku wokhudza ma mesenchymal stem cell akhala akuchulukirachulukira, ndipo ClinicalTrials ochokera ku NIH ku United States ndiye malo osungiramo zinthu zakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi zotsatira zakusaka kwa nkhokwe, kuyambira pa Meyi 13, 2019, panali maphunziro azachipatala okwana 753 omwe adalembetsedwa mu nkhokwe yokhudzana ndi ma mesenchymal stem cell. Pakati pawo, chiwerengero cha maphunziro azachipatala omwe anachitika ku China, Europe, ndi United States ndi amodzi mwa atatu apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Malinga ndi mitundu ya matenda omwe amachiritsidwa, kafukufuku wachipatala pa maselo amtundu wa mesenchymal amaphatikizapo mazana a matenda. Pakati pawo, matenda a ubongo, mtima, ndi mafupa ndi malo atatu akuluakulu ofufuza, omwe amawerengera oposa 15%, ndipo chiwerengerocho chimaposa theka. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga, chiwindi, mapapo, m'mimba, khungu, matenda a autoimmune ndi matenda a graft versus host (GVHD) ndi pafupifupi 5%, yomwe ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yofufuza za ma cell a mesenchymal stem.

Mlandu wa kafukufuku wachipatala wa umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell

01. Matenda a metabolic

1.1 Matenda a shuga

Pakalipano, palibe mankhwala ochiritsira matenda a shuga m'chipatala, ndipo tikhoza kudalira insulini kapena mankhwala a in vitro kuti achepetse shuga wamagazi, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kugwirizana ndi zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Maselo a mesenchymal stem amatha kulimbikitsa ma islets a pancreatic β Ntchito yakusinthika kwa ma cell.

Ku China, pali zipatala zitatu zapamwamba zomwe zachita kafukufuku wazachipatala pa mesenchymal stem cell transplantation pochiza matenda amtundu wachiwiri. Odwala ambiri akwanitsa kuchepetsa shuga wamagazi ndi insulini, ndipo ena amasiya kumwa mankhwala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, thupi la wodwalayo lakhala likuyenda bwino ndipo thanzi lawo laling'ono lakonzedwa kumlingo wakutiwakuti.

Chipatala cha Fuzhou General Hospital ku Nanjing Military Region chinafufuza za chitetezo ndi mphamvu ya umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell kuphatikiza ndi autologous mafupa mesenchymal stem cell pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba popanda immunotherapy. Zotsatira zinawonetsa kuti zotsatira za chithandizo cha odwala 42 zinali zabwino. C-Pep idakwera ndi 105.7%, insulin 49.3%, HbA1c idatsika ndi 12.6%, shuga wamagazi othamanga adatsika ndi 24.4%, ndipo kufunika kwa insulin kudatsika ndi 29.2%.

1.2 Zovuta za matenda a shuga

Maselo a mesenchymal stem ali ndi chiyembekezo chochulukirapo pazovuta za matenda a shuga.

1.2.1 Phazi la shuga

Ku chipatala cha anthu a m'chigawo cha Shaanxi, mumkhalidwe wosabala, kuyimitsidwa kwa umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell kuyimitsidwa kwapakati pa 3cm x 3cm pakavulala kwa odwala 5 omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 wovuta ndi phazi la matenda ashuga. Kwa omwe ali ndi zotupa zowopsa, jakisoni adayikidwa motalikirana 1cm x 1cm motalikirana ndi phazi, ndikuwunikira jekeseni mozungulira chilondacho. Pambuyo mankhwala, mlingo wa phazi ululu ndi dzanzi kwambiri yafupika, intermittent claudication bwino kwambiri, ndi zilonda kwathunthu anachira.

Pa Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell adabayidwa m'malo a zilonda zam'miyendo za odwala 53 omwe ali ndi phazi la matenda ashuga a II-IV. Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu ya chithandizo, poyerekeza ndi gulu lolamulira, gulu lachipatala linawonetsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa khungu, ndondomeko ya mitsempha ya ankle-brachial, kuthamanga kwa okosijeni wa khungu, ndi mtunda woyenda.

1.2.2 Diabetes nephropathy

The Clinical Medical College of Fuzhou General Hospital, Second Military Medical University, ndi Affiliated Changzheng Hospital ya Second Military Medical University anachitira 15 odwala 15 ndi umbilical chingwe mesenchymal tsinde maselo kudzera kulowerera mu pancreatic dorsal mtsempha wa mtsempha, mayiko awiri aimpso mitsempha, ndi zotumphukira mtsempha kulowetsedwa. . Pambuyo pa chithandizo, odwalawo adawonetsa kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, shuga wamagazi, kuchuluka kwa C-peptide, komanso zizindikiro za aimpso. Pankhani yogwira ntchito bwino pakuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi a diastolic komanso kugwira ntchito kwa aimpso, gulu lothandizira lidaposa gulu lowongolera lomwe limathandizidwa ndi telmisartan yapakamwa komanso jakisoni wa subcutaneous insulin.

02.Kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha

2.1 Matenda a Parkinson

Mlandu woyamba woika stem cell ku matenda a Parkinson ku China unamalizidwa kuchipatala ku Shijiazhuang. Xie Xiyun, wazaka 76 wa ku Indonesia, wakhala akudwala matenda a Parkinson kwa zaka zopitirira khumi, akukumana ndi kuuma ndi kufinya zala zitatu za dzanja lake lamanja, kusasunthika kwa thupi, kumeza mavuto, komanso kutaya mphamvu zodzisamalira. M'maola ochepa chabe atalandira mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, adatha kudya bwino komanso momasuka kuwonera kanema wawayilesi usiku womwewo, ndikusintha kwakukulu kwazizindikiro zina.

Dr. Sun Li wochokera ku China Medical University anaika kuyimitsidwa komwe kumakhala ndi ma cell a umbilical cord mesenchymal stem mu mitsempha ya m'khosi mwa odwala 10 a matenda a Parkinson. Pambuyo pa kuikidwa, odwalawo adawonetsa kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka kuyenda, kugwedezeka kwamphamvu, kuyenda mwaufulu, komanso kukhala pansi ndi kuyimirira. Sikuti idangowongolera bwino kukula kwa matenda a Parkinson, komanso idathandizira kwambiri kugwira ntchito kwa minofu yaubongo yomwe idawonongeka, motero kukulitsa moyo wa odwala.

2.2 matenda a dementia

Gulu lotsogozedwa ndi Zhou Qiang pa Chipatala cha Jinyang mumzinda wa Guiyang adathandizira odwala anayi okalamba omwe ali ndi vuto la dementia pogwiritsa ntchito maselo amtundu wa autologous. Wodwala woyamba, wamwamuna wazaka 75, sanazindikire achibale ataloledwa ndipo adataya chikhodzodzo ndi matumbo. Atamuika, zizindikirozi zinayamba kuyenda bwino, ndipo atatuluka, sanangozindikira achibale ake komanso anayambiranso kugwira ntchito bwino m’chikhodzodzo ndi m’matumbo.

2.3 Kusowa tulo

Dr. Wang Yali wa ku Zhejiang Armed Police Hospital anathandiza odwala 19 omwe anali ndi kusowa tulo pogwiritsa ntchito mtsempha wa mitsempha ya umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell. Odwalawa onse amavutika kugona, kuchepa kwa kugona, komanso nthawi yogona yosakwana maola 6. Pambuyo pa mwezi umodzi wamankhwala, kuwongokera kwa kugona kwa odwala kunali kofanana ndi kwa mankhwala apakamwa. Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri ya chithandizo, magonedwe a odwala anali abwino kwambiri kuposa omwe amamwa mankhwala amkamwa. Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha miyezi itatu, khalidwe la kugona la odwala linalinso labwino kwambiri kuposa la mankhwala apakamwa, ndipo zotsatira za chithandizo chimodzi zimatha mpaka chaka chimodzi, kuwongolera kwambiri kugona kwa odwala.

03. Matenda a minofu ndi mafupa

3.1 Matenda osokonekera

M'zaka za m'ma 1990, Brittberg ndi ena anayamba kupeza zotsatira zina pokonza kuvulala kwa cartilage pogwiritsa ntchito autologous chondrocytes. Chifukwa chake, maphunziro ochulukirapo adayamba kuyang'ana ma cell a mesenchymal stem. Maselo a tsinde a mesenchymal amatha kusiyanasiyana m'magulu osiyanasiyana ndikukonza ma cartilage amtundu wa articular komanso kuvulala kwa mafupa a subchondral.

Mu kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Akgun et al. kuchokera ku Dipatimenti ya Orthopedics ndi Traumatology ku yunivesite ya Istanbul ku Turkey, iwo anayerekezera zotsatira zochiritsira za autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell ndi chondrocytes mu 14 odwala osteoarthritis. Iwo adapeza kuti odwala omwe amalandila chithandizo chamankhwala a mesenchymal stem cell adawonetsa kusintha kwakukulu pakuvulala kwa mawondo ndi zotsatira za osteoarthritis (KOOS) ndi ma score analog scale (VAS).

Wakitani et al. ochokera ku Feinberg School of Medicine ku Northwestern University ndi Cleveland Clinic Hospital ku Ohio University adachita mayeso achipatala pogwiritsa ntchito maselo a mesenchymal stem. Mu gulu loyesera, gel osakaniza collagen wosakanikirana ndi autologous mafupa amtundu wa mesenchymal stem cell adayikidwa mu zotupa za articular cartilage za odwala, pamene gulu lolamulira linalandira kokha kuchuluka kwa collagen gel. Magulu onse awiriwa adawonetsa kusintha kwa ntchito yolumikizana, koma gulu loyesera lokha likuwonetsa kusinthika kwa cartilage yowonekera pamalo ovulala. Adatsata odwala 41 omwe adalandira chithandizo cha mesenchymal stem cell kwa zaka 11 ndipo sanapeze zovuta zilizonse.

04.Matenda a ubereki

4.1 Kusabereka

Kukonza kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa endometrium, yomwe ndi vuto lalikulu la amayi ambiri osabereka, tsopano ndi kotheka kudzera mu luso la mesenchymal stem cell regenerative, zomwe zimabweretsa chiyembekezo chokwaniritsa maloto a amayi a amayi.

Gulu la Professor Hu Yali la Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Gulou Hospital ku Nanjing, mogwirizana ndi gulu la Professor Dai Jianwu la Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology la Chinese Academy of Sciences, linapangidwa bwino kwa nthawi yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi, njira yophatikizana. collagen scaffolds yokhala ndi mesenchymal stem cell. Mwa kuphatikiza njira zachikhalidwe za hysteroscopic, adakwaniritsa kukonza kwa endometrium yowonongeka, kuthandiza odwala atatu kukwaniritsa maloto awo oti akhale amayi.

Mayi Hu ochokera ku Yancheng, Jiangsu, adapita padera katatu pakati pa zaka zapakati pa 31 ndi 34, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti azimatira kwambiri m'mimba mwake chifukwa cha maopaleshoni a uterine curettage pambuyo popita padera. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma cell stem cell, Chipatala cha Gulou ku Nanjing chinakonza bwino endometrium yake m'miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Izi zinamuthandiza kuti akhale ndi pakati bwino, ndipo pa July 17, 2014, anabala mwana woyamba "mankhwala obadwanso" ku China.

Nanjing Gulou Hospital mesenchymal tsinde selo "endometrial regeneration opareshoni" yathandiza bwino odwala 13 osabereka omwe ali ndi zomatira zam'mimba zam'mimba kuti akhale ndi pakati ndi kubereka, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti 14 athanzi "ana obadwanso" athanzi.

4.2 Kulephera kwa ovary msanga

Kulephera kwa ovarian msanga kumatanthauza zochitika zomwe akazi amakumana ndi ovarian atrophy ndi kusiya kutulutsa mazira asanakwanitse zaka 40. Pakalipano, pafupifupi 1% ya amayi a msinkhu wobereka padziko lonse amakumana ndi vuto la ovarian msanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale chifukwa chachikulu cha kusabereka kwa akazi.

Pulofesa Wu Ji ndi gulu lake la ku Shanghai Jiao Tong University ku China analekanitsa maselo obereketsa aakazi kuchokera ku mbewa za sabata imodzi mpaka ziwiri zobiriwira zobiriwira za fulorosenti. Pambuyo pa kuyeretsedwa, chikhalidwe, ndi njira zina, maselowa adawaika kukhala mbewa ndi kulephera kwa ovary msanga. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zidawonetsa kuti ma cell a stem cell, monga ma cell ena, ali ndi katundu wamba. Pambuyo pobwerera kunyumba, maselo ena amasiyanitsidwa ndipo pang'onopang'ono amasanduka ma oocyte okhwima, motero amabwezeretsa ntchito ya ovary.

4.3 Kulephera kwa Erectile (ED)

Kugwiritsa ntchito stem cell therapy kwa erectile dysfunction kumatha kulowa m'malo owonongeka kapena kufa maselo a mbolo ndi kubisa zinthu zokonzanso maselo aminyewa ya mbolo.

Odwala khumi ndi asanu omwe anali ndi vuto la erectile ku Denmark adalandira mesenchymal stem cell infusions popanda mankhwala kapena kupatsirana mbolo. Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, amuna asanu ndi atatu adatha kugonana mwachizolowezi.

05.Matenda a autoimmune

Mu 2007, Pulofesa Sun Lingyun ku China adachiritsa bwino milandu iwiri ya refractory systemic lupus erythematosus pogwiritsa ntchito maselo a mesenchymal tsinde, ndipo chaka chotsatira, adachiritsa milandu ina isanu ndi inayi. Pambuyo pa chithandizo, zizindikiro za odwalawo zinachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo panalibe kubwerezanso panthawi yotsatila kwa miyezi 6.

Mu 2012, dipatimenti ya Rheumatology and Immunology Hospital ya Jiangsu University Affiliated Hospital inalowetsa mtsempha wa umbilical cord mesenchymal tsinde maselo kwa odwala 21 omwe ali ndi systemic lupus erythematosus, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a mkodzo mwa odwalawa, kuchepa kwa matenda, ndikutsitsa Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Mlozera wa Matenda a Matenda.

Zotsatira za mesenchymal stem cell transplantation pazochitika za matenda ndi mapuloteni amkodzo mwa odwala omwe ali ndi systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Mu 2013, dipatimenti ya Rheumatology and Immunology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University and Jingzhou First People’s Hospital inapereka ma cell a umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell kwa odwala 18 okhala ndi systemic lupus erythematosus. Patatha mwezi umodzi, odwala ambiri adawonetsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro zachipatala ndi zizindikiro monga kutentha thupi, kutopa, ndi kufooka poyerekeza ndi asanamuikepo.

06.zoletsa kukalamba

Kukalamba kwa thupi la munthu kumakhudzana ndi kusakwanira kapena kusagwira ntchito kwa cell cell. Pamene zaka zikuchulukirachulukira, pali kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono mu kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa maselo oyambira m'thupi. Izi zimapangitsa kuchepa ndi kukalamba kwa maselo owonongeka ndi ziwalo ndi minofu yopangidwa ndi maselo, zomwe zimabweretsa thanzi labwino komanso ukalamba. Maselo a tsinde a mesenchymal amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu yambiri, yomwe imatha kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo ofunikira omwe amafunikira m'thupi. Powonjezera ma cell tsinde osakwanira m'thupi ndikukonzanso ziwalo ndi minyewa yowonongeka, ma cell a mesenchymal stem amagwira ntchito yoletsa kukalamba.

Ndi chidwi chowonjezereka ndikugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell, amakhulupirira kuti posachedwa, adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'machipatala, motero amapereka phindu lalikulu ku thanzi laumunthu.